Median sternotomy is sometimes complicated by a bifid xiphoid process and an incisional (ventral) hernia in the subxiphoid region. Such hernias often recur after primary suture repair. We recently initiated the use of a polypropylene prosthetic mesh to primarily repair subxiphoid incisional hernias. This report details the results of using this material in 14 patients between January 1980 and December 1983. We also discuss the complex anatomy of the xiphoid region.