Characteristics of level I–III trauma centers in Pennsylvania, 2010–2018
| Total | Established trauma centers | New trauma centers | P value | |
| Number of centers (%) | 38 (100.0) | 23 (60.5) | 15 (39.5) | |
| Patients (%) | 326 204 (100.0) | 282 581 (86.6) | 43 623 (13.4) | |
| Female gender (%) | 136 516 (41.9) | 116 484 (41.2) | 20 032 (45.9) | <0.001 |
| Age (%) | <0.001 | |||
| 16–39 | 88 477 (27.1) | 78 818 (27.9) | 9659 (22.1) | |
| 40–64 | 101 179 (31.0) | 88 906 (31.5) | 12 273 (28.1) | |
| ≥65 | 136 548 (41.9) | 114 857 (40.6) | 21 691 (49.7) | |
| Race (%) | <0.001 | |||
| White | 276 363 (84.7) | 236 801 (83.8) | 39 562 (90.7) | |
| Black | 41 107 (12.6) | 38 316 (13.6) | 2791 (6.4) | |
| AAPI/other | 8734 (2.7) | 7464 (2.6) | 1270 (2.9) | |
| ISS (%) | <0.001 | |||
| <9 | 136 010 (41.7) | 117 761 (41.7) | 18 249 (41.8) | |
| 9–15 | 119 061 (36.5) | 101 943 (36.1) | 17 118 (39.2) | |
| 16–24 | 41 508 (12.7) | 36 343 (12.9) | 5165 (11.8) | |
| ≥25 | 29 625 (9.1) | 26 534 (9.4) | 3091 (7.1) | |
| Penetrating injury (%) | 24 673 (7.6) | 22 649 (8.0) | 2024 (4.6) | <0.001 |
| Insurance (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Private | 137 544 (42.2) | 119 055 (42.1) | 18 489 (42.4) | |
| Medicare | 118 973 (36.5) | 100 321 (35.5) | 18 652 (42.8) | |
| Medicaid | 51 458 (15.8) | 47 461 (16.9) | 3997 (9.2) | |
| Self-pay | 16 888 (5.2) | 14 572 (5.2) | 2316 (5.3) | |
| Missing | 1341 (0.4) | 1172 (0.4) | 169 (0.4) | |
| Rural (%) | 76 655 (45.0) | 67 549 (43.8) | 9106 (56.1) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities (%) | <0.001 | |||
| None | 72 680 (22.3) | 63 556 (22.5) | 9124 (20.9) | |
| 1 | 75 307 (23.1) | 65 227 (23.1) | 10 080 (23.1) | |
| 2 | 62 228 (19.1) | 53 526 (18.9) | 8702 (19.9) | |
| 3 or more | 115 989 (35.6) | 100 272 (35.5) | 15 717 (36.0) |
AAPI, Asian American and Pacific Islander; ISS, Injury Severity Score.