Adverse outcomes: univariate analysis
| Variable | No adverse outcome (n=878) | Adverse outcome (n=57) | P value |
| Age (years) | 80±9.5 | 86±8 | <0.001 |
| Sex (% male) | 272 (31) | 21 (37) | 0.355 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.2±5.3 | 23.4±4.4 | 0.248 |
| ISS | 9±0 | 9±0 | 1.00 |
| History of coronary artery disease | 174 (20%) | 13 (23%) | 0.585 |
| History of diabetes mellitus | 174 (20%) | 13 (23%) | 0.585 |
| History of chronic kidney disease | 127 (15%) | 10 (18%) | 0.524 |
| History of liver disease | 20 (2.3%) | 2 (3.5%) | 0.639 |
| History of stroke | 119 (14%) | 8 (14%) | 0.918 |
| Time to surgical fixation (hours) | 20 (13–25) | 23 (18–23) | 0.003 |
| ASA score | 3 (3–3) | 3 (3–4) | <0.001 |
| Estimated Blood Loss | |||
| <100 mL 100–500 mL >500 mL | 358 (41%) 501 (57%) 19 (2.2%) | 27 (47%) 29 (51%) 1 (1.8%) | 0.616 |
| Anticoagulant pre-injury | 125 (14%) | 7 (12%) | 0.681 |
| Antiplatelet pre-injury | 298 (34%) | 29 (51%) | 0.009 |
| Anticoagulant reversal | 25 (2.8%) | 2 (3.5%) | 0.678 |
| Receipt of a blood transfusion | 262 (30%) | 36 (63%) | <0.001 |
| Units of blood transfused | 1 (1–2) n=262 | 2 (1–3) n=36 | 0.016 |
| Admission hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.6±1.7 | 11.7±2 | <0.001 |
| Preoperative hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.7±1.8 | 10.7±1.7 | <0.001 |
| Lowest hemoglobin (g/dL) | 8.8±1.7 | 7.9±1.7 | <0.001 |
ASA score, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system; ISS, Injury Severity Score.