Change over time in PTSD Checklist symptom levels for non-white/Hispanic versus white/non-Hispanic intervention and usual care control patients
| Group | Change baseline to 3 months | Change baseline to 6 months | Change baseline to 12 months | ||||||
| Change mean (95% CI) | Net difference mean (95% CI) | Effect size | Change mean (95% CI) | Net difference mean (95% CI) | Effect size | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Effect size | |
| Unadjusted | |||||||||
| Non-white/Hispanic | |||||||||
| Usual care control | 1.00 (−1.07 to 3.07) | Reference | --- | 0.14 (−2.15 to 2.43) | Reference | --- | −2.73 (−5.39 to 0.07) | Reference | --- |
| Intervention | −0.64 (−3.01 to 1.73) | −1.64 (−4.78 to 1.51) | 0.12 | −3.46 (−6.20 to 0.72) | −3.60 (−7.17 to -0.03)* | 0.25 | −5.66 (−8.91 to 2.41) | −2.93 (−7.12 to 1.27) | 0.17 |
| White/Non-Hispanic | |||||||||
| Usual care control | −1.19 (−3.21 to 0.83) | Reference | --- | −3.41 (−5.70 to 1.11) | Reference | --- | −6.23 (−8.89 to 3.57) | Reference | --- |
| Intervention | −2.81 (−5.21 to 0.41) | −1.62 (−4.76 to 1.52) | 0.14 | −4.24 (−6.98 to 1.49) | −0.83 (−4.41 to 2.75) | 0.06 | −5.15 (−8.39 to 1.90) | 1.08 (−3.12 to 5.28) | 0.07 |
| Adjusted | |||||||||
| Non-white/Hispanic† | |||||||||
| Usual care control | 1.32 (−0.74 to 3.39) | Reference | --- | 0.39 (−1.94 to 2.72) | Reference | --- | −2.23 (−5.00 to 0.54) | Reference | --- |
| Intervention | −0.54 (−2.87 to 1.80) | −1.86 (−4.97 to 1.25) | 0.14 | −3.32 (−6.09 to 0.56) | −3.72 (−7.33 to -0.10)* | 0.25 | −5.46 (−8.81 to 2.12) | −3.24 (−7.58 to 1.10) | 0.19 |
| White/Non-Hispanic‡ | |||||||||
| Usual care control | −1.13 (−3.16 to 0.90) | Reference | --- | −3.38 (−5.69 to 1.07) | Reference | - | −6.21 (−8.89 to 3.53) | Reference | --- |
| Intervention | −3.16 (−5.57 to 0.74) | −2.02 (−5.18 to 1.13) | 0.17 | −4.67 (−7.43 to 1.91) | −1.29 (−4.89 to 2.31) | 0.1 | −5.41 (−8.69 to 2.13) | 0.80 (−3.43 to 5.04) | 0.05 |
*P<0.05. All other comparisons were not statistically significant.
†Adjusted for age, gender, prior PTSD diagnosis, pre-injury opioids use, and baseline MCS and PHQ-9 scores.
‡Adjusted for age, gender, prior PTSD diagnosis, intensive care unit admission, prior inpatient hospitalization, and tobacco use.
MOS SF-12 MCS, medical outcomes study 12-item short form mental components summary score; PHQ-9, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.