Table 4

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression of mortality

Variable	Mortality as dependent variable (n=79)
	Univariate		Multivariate*
	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Patient factors
Age	1.04 (1.02 to 1.05)	<0.001	1.04 (1.02 to 1.05)	<0.001
Sex (female)	1.75 (0.947 to 3.07)	0.06	0.975 (0.429 to 2.08)	0.95
MOI (penetrating)	0.298 (0.159 to 0.524)	<0.001	0.650 (0.242 to 1.63)	0.37
GCS	0.712 (0.667 to 0.755)	<0.001	0.763 (0.711 to 0.815)	<0.001
SBP	0.978 (0.972 to 0.984)	<0.001	0.985 (0.978 to 0.992)	<0.001
HR	0.972 (0.964 to 0.979)	<0.001	†
Polytrauma	1.35 (1.16 to 1.57)	<0.001	1.10 (0.901 to 1.33)	0.35
Bleeding chest injury	1.79 (0.834 to 3.50)	0.11
Bleeding abdominal injury	2.7 (1.32 to 5.14)	0.004	†
Unstable pelvis	1.49 (0.434 to 3.90)	0.47
Peripheral bleeding injury	5.18 (1.94 to 12.6)	<0.001	†
Major vascular injury	2.64 (1.55 to 4.38)	<0.001	†
Clinician factors
<1 year experience	1.00
1–5 years’ experience	0.895 (0.421 to 1.72)	0.75
5–10 years’ experience	1.893 (0.609 to 4.50)	0.23
>10 years’ experience	3.06 (1.09 to 7.38)	0.02	†
Base specialty: EM	1.00
Base specialty: anesthetics	0.702 (0.411 to 1.16)	0.18
Base specialty: ICM	0.5 (0.148 to 1.27)	0.19
Clinician diagnostic uncertainty	0.773 (0.316 to 1.62)	0.53
Missed MH (FN)	2.38 (0.943 to 5.27)	0.04	3.333 (1.05 to 9.72)	0.03
Environment factors
Nightshift	1.71 (1.08 to 2.74)	0.02	0.802 (0.424 to 1.51)	0.49

Bleeding abdominal injury, peripheral bleeding injury, and major vascular injury excluded from the multivariate due to collinearity with missed MH (FN). Years experience was excluded due to df.
Referents in the model: for female sex was male; for penetrating MOI was blunt; for chest bleeding injuries, was no chest bleeding; for abdominal bleeding injuries, was no abdominal bleeding; for unstable pelvis, was stable pelvis; for peripheral bleeding injuries, was no peripheral bleeding; for major vascular injury, was no major vascular injury; for clinician experience, was <1 year; for clinician base specialty, was emergency medicine; for clinician diagnostic uncertainty, was certainty; for missed MH (FN), was combination of false positives, true positives and true negatives; nightshift was dayshift.
*Multivariate variables were limited to eight due to event rate of 79 patients.
†HR excluded from multivariate due to collinearity with SBP.
EM, emergency medicine; FN, false negative; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HR, heart rate; ICM, intensive care medicine; MH, major hemorrhage; MOI, mechanism of injury; Polytrauma, number of Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) body regions injured; SBP, systolic blood pressure.