Variables | All (N=655 872) | No sAKI (n=653 974) | sAKI (n=1898) | P value |
Age (years), median (Q1–Q3) | 57 (36–73) | 57 (36–73) | 71 (58–81) | <0.001 |
Race (white), n (%) | 487 581 (74.3) | 486 103 (74.3) | 1478 (77.9) | <0.001 |
Sex, n (%) | 0.248 | |||
Female | 271 345 (41.4) | 270 585 (41.4) | 760 (40) | |
Male | 384 527 (58.6) | 383 389 (58.6) | 1138 (60) | |
Hypotension, n (%) | 8662 (1.3) | 8581 (1.3) | 81 (4.3) | <0.001 |
ISS, median (Q1–Q3) | 8 (4–9) | 8 (4–9) | 9 (5–10) | <0.001 |
GCS score, median (Q1–Q3) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) | <0.001 |
Trauma type, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
Blunt | 594 366 (90.6) | 592 582 (90.6) | 1784 (94) | |
Penetrating | 61 506 (9.4) | 61 392 (9.4) | 114 (6) | |
Trauma center, n (%) | 0.007 | |||
Level I | 403 938 (61.6) | 402 827 (61.6) | 1111 (58.5) | |
Level II | 251 934 (38.4) | 251 147 (38.4) | 787 (41.5) | |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
Chronic alcoholism | 39 766 (6.1) | 39 593 (6.1) | 173 (9.1) | <0.001 |
Anticoagulant | 62 872 (9.6) | 62 417 (9.5) | 455 (24) | <0.001 |
Bleeding disorder | 9335 (1.4) | 9269 (1.4) | 66 (3.5) | <0.001 |
Chemotherapy | 3475 (0.5) | 3452 (0.5) | 23 (1.2) | <0.001 |
Cirrhosis | 7327 (1.1) | 7210 (1.1) | 117 (6.2) | <0.001 |
COPD | 49 141 (7.5) | 48 798 (7.5) | 343 (18.1) | <0.001 |
CVA | 19 340 (2.9) | 19 222 (2.9) | 118 (6.2) | <0.001 |
Dementia | 33 879 (5.2) | 33 725 (5.2) | 154 (8.1) | <0.001 |
Diabetes | 102 621 (15.6) | 101 915 (15.6) | 706 (37.2) | <0.001 |
Stage IV cancer | 4468 (0.7) | 4435 (0.7) | 33 (1.7) | <0.001 |
Functionally dependent | 57 575 (8.8) | 57 219 (8.7) | 356 (18.8) | <0.001 |
CHF | 28 576 (4.4) | 28 247 (4.3) | 329 (17.3) | <0.001 |
HTN | 248781 (37.9) | 247492 (37.8) | 1289 (67.9) | <0.001 |
MI | 5548 (0.8) | 5489 (0.8) | 59 (3.1) | <0.001 |
Smoking | 144 706 (22.1) | 144 407 (22.1) | 299 (15.8) | <0.001 |
Steroid | 7571 (1.2) | 7521 (1.2) | 50 (2.6) | <0.001 |
Substance abuse | 47 519 (7.2) | 47 401 (7.2) | 118 (6.2) | 0.092 |
GCS: hypotension, initial systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg; MI: history of MI during the last 6 months; HTN on medication.
N= total sample size, n= sub sample size
AKI, acute kidney injury; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HTN, hypertension; ISS, Injury Severity Score; MI, myocardial infarction; n, sub sample size; N, total sample size; sAKI, severe acute kidney injury.