Table 2

Clinical signs and symptoms of concussion

SymptomsHeadache, ‘pressure in the head’, neck pain, nausea or vomiting, dizziness, blurred vision, photophobia, phonophobia, ‘do not feel right’, fatigue, more emotional, irritability, sadness, nervous or anxious, confusion, feeling like ‘in a fog’, feeling ‘slowed down’, difficulty concentrating, difficulty remembering, drowsiness
Physical signsLoss of consciousness, amnesia, neurological deficit (transient), speech disturbance, lethargy, appears dazed
Balance impairmentGait unsteadiness
Behavioral changesIrritability, emotional lability, personality changes
Cognitive impairmentSlowed reaction times, confusion, disorientation
Sleep/Wake disturbanceSomnolence, drowsiness