Crude outcomes in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery with spinal or general anesthesia.
| Spinal anesthesia (n=1463) | General anesthesia (n=974) | P value | |
| Length of stay, median (IQR) | 8.0 (5.0–11) | 8.0 (5.0–12) | 0.340 |
| 30-day mortality, n (%) | 127 (8.7) | 73 (7.5) | 0.332 |
| 90-day mortality, n (%) | 228 (15.6) | 125 (12.8) | 0.067 |
| 1-year mortality, n (%) | 382 (26.1) | 232 (23.8) | 0.219 |
| Severe complication, n (%) | 79 (5.4) | 59 (6.1) | 0.554 |
| Missing | 6 (0.4) | 3 (0.3) | |
| Anemia, n (%) | 28 (1.9) | 21 (2.2) | 0.787 |
| Delirium, n (%) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 0.568 |
| Infection, n (%) | 27 (1.8) | 16 (1.6) | 0.829 |
| Urinary tract infection, n (%) | 4 (0.3) | 3 (0.3) | 1.00 |
| Pneumonia, n (%) | 15 (1.0) | 6 (0.6) | 0.397 |
| Cardiovascular event, n (%) | 24 (1.6) | 20 (2.1) | 0.552 |
| Thromboembolic event, n (%) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1.00 |
| Cerebrovascular event, n (%) | 5 (0.3) | 2 (0.2) | 0.709 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding, n (%) | 5 (0.3) | 5 (0.5) | 0.533 |
| Acute kidney injury, n (%) | 11 (0.8) | 2 (0.2) | 0.126 |
| Sepsis, n (%) | 3 (0.2) | 3 (0.3) | 0.688 |
| Multiple organ failure, n (%) | 8 (0.5) | 4 (0.4) | 0.772 |
| Other complications, n (%) | 12 (0.8) | 17 (1.7) | 0.061 |
Length of stay is measured in days. In-hospital severe complications are defined as those with a Clavien-Dindo classification ≥3a.