Alcohol, stimulant,* opioid and cannabis comorbidities in trauma center patients with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist scores ≥35 (N=635)
| Comorbidity | Self-report, n (%) | Positive toxicology screen, n (%) | Electronic medical record, n (%) | ≥1 positive indicator, n (%) |
| Alcohol† | 319 (50.2) | 157 (28.4) | 49 (9.1%) | 344 (54.2) |
| Stimulant‡ | 135 (21.4) | 81 (14.5) | – | 163 (25.7) |
| Opioid‡ | 62 (9.8) | – | 62 (9.8) | |
| Cannabis‡ | 302 (47.7) | 89 (15.9) | – | 319 (50.2) |
*Stimulants include amphetamine and/or cocaine use.
†Assessed with the AUDIT-C for the 12 months before the injury.30
‡Assessed with single-item drug screen for the month before the injury.31
AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test Three-Item Version.