Association of baseline characteristics with operative intervention in the regression analysis
| Baseline characteristics | OR | 95% CI | P value |
| Pre-existing depression | 1.36, | 1.06 to 1.75 | 0.016* |
| CCI | 1.02 | 0.95 to 1.08 | 0.622 |
| Age | 0.98 | 0.98 to 0.99 | <0.001* |
| Male gender | 1.19 | 1.03 to 1.37 | 0.020* |
| ISS | 1.04 | 1.03 to 1.04 | <0.001* |
| GCS score | 1.04 | 1.02 to 1.06 | <0.001* |
*Indicates statistical significance.
CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score.