Mean costs and mean cost differences in euro
| Cost category | Costs in €, mean (SEM) | Cost difference in €, mean (95% CI)* | ||
| Pre-DD cohort (n=144) | DD cohort (n=153) | Unadjusted | Adjusted† | |
| Healthcare, total‡ | 522 (16) | 361 (11) | −162 (−200 to −124) | −168 (−205 to −131) |
| Primary healthcare | 67 (10) | 53 (9) | −14 (−39 to 13) | −16 (−41 to 11) |
| Secondary healthcare | 456 (11) | 307 (4) | −148 (−174 to −127) | −152 (−179 to −132) |
| Absenteeism, total | 1648 (348) | 1306 (275) | −341 (−1232 to 476) | −645 (−1535 to 100) |
| Patient absenteeism‡ | 1591 (350) | 1301 (275) | −289 (−1182 to 537) | −598 (−1492 to 148) |
| Parent absenteeism§ | 57 (10) | 5 (3) | −52 (−75 to −34) | −47 (−69 to −31) |
| Travel | 11 (0) | 5 (0) | −7 (−8 to −6) | −7 (−8 to −6) |
| Total | 2181 (353) | 1672 (277) | −510 (−1411 to 323) | −822 (−1719 to −67) |
All costs are expressed in Euros 2019.35 36
*Cost differences were calculated using regression models using bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapping, with 5000 replications.
†Cost differences adjusted for propensity score, and additionally absenteeism costs were adjusted for work status (yes/no) as well.
‡Including work absenteeism in the days after sustaining the injury (return-to-work), as well as work leave for the purpose of a hospital follow-up visit.
§Work leave of a parent to accompany a child to the hospital follow-up visit.
DD, direct discharge.