Table 3

Multivariate analysis of stimulant drugs vs. mortality and cardiovascular outcomes

Multivariate analysis
Characteristics	Mortality		MI		Stroke
Characteristics	OR	P value	OR	P value	OR	P value
Amphetamine	0.966	0.405	0.801	0.283	1.023	0.857
Age	1.026	<0.001	1.052	<0.001	1.017	<0.001
Sex, female	0.805	<0.001	0.677	<0.001	1.132	0.106
Race (white vs. non-white)	0.959	0.107	0.915	0.471	1.163	0.054
Angina pectoris	0.521	0.099	1.022	0.983	0	0.995
Myocardial infarction	1.243	0.035	2.441	<0.001	1.114	0.739
Congestive heart failure	1.804	<0.001	1.544	0.008	0.969	0.866
Hypertension	0.774	<0.001	1.372	0.005	1.325	0.002
Diabetes mellitus	1.036	0.321	1.554	<0.001	1.439	<0.001
Peripheral arterial disease	1.777	<0.001	1.365	0.396	1.51	0.261
Stroke	1.142	0.042	1.225	0.34	2.473	<0.001
Chronic renal failure	1.946	<0.001	1.118	0.7	0.945	0.851
Anticoagulant use	1.209	<0.001	1.673	<0.001	1.365	0.015
Bleeding disorder	1.118	0.138	0.91	0.752	1.601	0.025
Cirrhosis	3.207	<0.001	1.031	0.934	0.847	0.594
Emphysema	1.593	<0.001	1.408	0.016	1.029	0.843
Dementia	1.016	0.788	0.64	0.064	0.599	0.036
Disseminated cancer	2.156	<0.001	0.973	0.953	1.087	0.833
Receiving chemotherapy	1.682	0.001	1.388	0.582	1.783	0.217
Alcoholism	0.991	0.829	1.09	0.611	1.062	0.628
Smoker	0.512	<0.001	1.632	<0.001	0.936	0.478
Chronic substance abuse	0.767	<0.001	0.865	0.487	0.915	0.495
Injury Severity Score	1.127	<0.001	1.039	<0.001	1.048	<0.001
Mechanism (penetrating vs. blunt)	3.853	<0.001	1.113	0.631	1.084	0.545
Head injury AIS score >2	2.987	<0.001	1.221	0.111	2.594	<0.001
Chest injury AIS score >2	0.782	<0.001	1.366	0.011	1.377	<0.001
Abdominal injury AIS score >2	0.633	<0.001	1.575	0.01	1.072	0.551
Extremity injury AIS score >2	0.687	<0.001	1.144	0.263	0.955	0.595
Had major surgery during admission	0.697	<0.001	2.901	<0.001	4.075	<0.001
Had immediate major surgery	1.360	<0.001	1.124	0.41	1.307	0.002
Cocaine	0.902	0.028	0.627	0.065	0.908	0.502
Age	1.026	<0.001	1.052	<0.001	1.017	<0.001
Sex, female	0.804	<0.001	0.675	<0.001	1.13	0.11
Race (white vs. non-white)	0.963	0.144	0.937	0.598	1.166	0.05
Angina pectoris	0.52	0.098	1.015	0.988	0	0.995
Myocardial infarction	1.243	0.035	2.434	<0.001	1.114	0.74
Congestive heart failure	1.804	<0.001	1.544	0.008	0.968	0.864
Hypertension	0.774	<0.001	1.375	0.005	1.324	0.002
Diabetes mellitus	1.035	0.327	1.554	<0.001	1.439	<0.001
Peripheral arterial disease	1.777	<0.001	1.364	0.398	1.509	0.262
Stroke	1.142	0.041	1.229	0.332	2.473	<0.001
Chronic renal failure	1.942	<0.001	1.113	0.713	0.944	0.847
Anticoagulant use	1.209	<0.001	1.675	<0.001	1.364	0.015
Bleeding disorder	1.116	0.144	0.908	0.744	1.596	0.026
Cirrhosis	3.21	<0.001	1.031	0.934	0.847	0.594
Emphysema	1.594	<0.001	1.409	0.016	1.029	0.843
Dementia	1.015	0.801	0.639	0.064	0.598	0.036
Disseminated cancer	2.154	<0.001	0.974	0.954	1.085	0.836
Receiving chemotherapy	1.68	0.002	1.381	0.588	1.779	0.219
Alcoholism	0.992	0.847	1.095	0.593	1.061	0.633
Smoker	0.513	<0.001	1.644	<0.001	0.94	0.508
Chronic substance abuse	0.773	<0.001	0.892	0.583	0.933	0.595
Injury Severity Score	1.127	<0.001	1.039	<0.001	1.048	<0.001
Mechanism (penetrating vs. blunt)	3.86	<0.001	1.123	0.603	1.088	0.526
Head injury AIS score >2	2.988	<0.001	1.219	0.115	2.593	<0.001
Chest injury AIS score >2	0.782	<0.001	1.364	0.012	1.377	<0.001
Abdominal injury AIS score >2	0.632	<0.001	1.572	0.011	1.072	0.549
Extremity injury AIS score >2	0.687	<0.001	1.142	0.269	0.955	0.599
Had major surgery during admission	0.698	<0.001	2.902	<0.001	4.077	<0.001
Had immediate major surgery	1.359	<0.001	1.121	0.423	1.306	0.002

AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; MI, myocardial infarction.