Characteristics of study participants
| Demographic | All patients (n=678) | Pregnant (n=76) | Non-pregnant (n=301) | Male (n=301) | P value* |
| Age (years) | 24 (20–30) | 24 (20–30) | 25 (20–31) | 24 (20–30) | 0.62 |
| Injury Severity Score | 10 (5–21) | 12 (5–21) | 12 (6–21) | 10 (5–21) | 0.83 |
| Head AIS | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0.79 |
| Face AIS | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.77 |
| Chest AIS | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–3) | 0.66 |
| Abdomen AIS | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0.48 |
| Extremity AIS | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 0.58 |
| External AIS | 0 (0–3) | 2 (0–2) | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–3) | 0.45 |
| Blunt mechanism | 409 (60%) | 67 (88%) | 192 (64%) | 150 (50%) | <0.001 |
| Transferred | 156 (23%) | 18 (24%) | 63 (20%) | 75 (25%) | 0.50 |
| Prehospital transfusion | 67 (10%) | 8 (11%) | 29 (10%) | 30 (10%) | 0.82 |
| ED SBP (mm Hg) | 122 (110–138) | 118 (104–133) | 119 (104–132) | 130 (114–142) | <0.001 |
| ED HR (bpm) | 100 (84–118) | 104 (86–118) | 104 (88–120) | 95 (81–115) | 0.002 |
| ED GCS | 15 (14–15) | 15 (14–15) | 15 (14–15) | 15 (14–15) | 0.54 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13 (11.7–14.3) | 11.7 (10.6–12.2) | 12.4 (11.2–13.4) | 14.1 (13.2–15.0) | <0.001 |
| Platelets (×109/L) | 248 (206–297) | 230 (191–267) | 263 (216–317) | 243 (199–287) | <0.001 |
| Base excess | −2 (−5 to 0) | −3 (−5 to −2) | −3 (−6 to −1) | −2 (−4 to 0) | <0.001 |
Continuous data presented as median (IQR).
*Results of Kruskal-Wallis test.
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ED, emergency department; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure.