Clinical and radiological characteristics according to ZI category
| ZI <0 | ZI 0–3 mm | ZI >3 | P value | |
| Age* | 49.8 (19.6) | 36.7 (12.9) | 49.7 (15.6) | 0.061 |
| GCS† | 6 (3–10) | 5 (3–11) | 3 (3–4) | 0.031 |
| Pupil reactivity | 0.257 | |||
| Both pupils | 62.2 (56) | 76.9 (10) | 36.4 (4) | |
| One pupil | 17.8 (16) | 15.4 (2) | 36.4 (4) | |
| Neither pupil | 11.1 (2) | 7.7 (1) | 27.3 (3) | |
| TBI class | 0.874 | |||
| Mild | 15.6 (14) | 7.7 (1) | 1 (9.1) | |
| Moderate | 14.4 (13) | 15.4 (2) | 1 (9.1) | |
| Severe | 64.4 (58) | 53.8 (7) | 81.1 (9) | |
| MLS, mm* | 6.7 (5.45) | 14.1 (7.8) | 16.7 (5.1) | <0.001 |
| HT, mm* | 14.1 (7.12) | 13.1 (7.9) | 10.9 (7.7) | 0.368 |
| Rotterdam score† | 5 (3–6) | 5 (4.5–6) | 6 (6–6) | 0.002 |
| Helsinki score† | 6 (4–9) | 9 (5–10) | 11 (9–14) | 0.001 |
| Other injuries | ||||
| Fractures | 42.2 (38) | 46.2 (6) | 63.6 (7) | 0.401 |
| tSAH | 5.6 (5) | 100 (13) | 100 (11) | 0.498 |
| IVH | 21.1 (19) | 7.7 (1) | 45.5 (5) | 0.077 |
| ICH | 50 (45) | 46.2 (6) | 90.9 (10) | 0.032 |
| DC | 81.1 (73) | 92.3 (12) | 90.9 (10) | 0.466 |
| Outcome | ||||
| 14-day mortality | 36.7 (33) | 30.8 (4) | 81.1 (9) | 0.012 |
| In-hospital mortality | 48.9 (44) | 46.2 (6) | 90.9 (10) | 0.027 |
*Mean (SD).
†Median (IQR); all other variables: % (number).
DC, decompressive craniectomy; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HT, hematoma thickness; ICH, intracerebral hematoma; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; MLS, midline shift; TBI, traumatic brain injury; tSAH, traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage; ZI, Zumkeller index.