Thoracotomy
| Author (year)/type | Study location | Subject | Type of cryoablation | Control group | Decreased hospital LOS | Improved pain score | Decreased narcotic use | Increased operative time | Increased complication rate | Grade |
| Nelson et al (1974)14/NRCT | Silver Spring, Maryland | 38 | Direct | No cryo | n/a | n/a | + | n/a | n/a | Low |
| Glynn et al (1980)15/NRCT | Abingdon, UK | 58 (29 cryo) | Direct | No cryo | − | n/a | + | n/a | n/a | Low |
| Katz et al (1980)16/RCT | San Diego, California | 24 (15 cryo) | Direct | Local anesthetics/no block | n/a | + | + | n/a | n/a | Low/moderate |
| Maiwand and Makey (1981)17/Descriptive | London, UK | 100 | Direct | None | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | Very low |
| Brynitz and Schrøder (1986)18/RCT | Copenhagen, Denmark | 27 (14 cryo) | Direct | No block | n/a | n/a | + | n/a | n/a | Very low |
| Bucerius et al (2000)19/RCT | Leipzig, Germany | 39 (21 cryo); 18 (9 cryo) | Direct | Local anesthetics/no block | n/a | + | − | n/a | n/a | High |
| Yang et al (2004)20/RCT | Seoul, South Korea | 90 (45 cryo+epidural) | Direct | Epidural only | n/a | + (POD 7) | + | − | − | High |
| Clemence et al (2020)21/Retro cohort | Toronto, Canada | 117 (25 cryo) | Direct | No cryo | − | − | + | n/a | n/a | Low |
LOS, length of stay; n/a, not applicable; NRCT, non-randomized controlled trial; RCT, randomized controlled trial.