Patient characteristics and injury profile
| Characteristic | Total (n=163) | TBI (n=41) | Non-TBI (n=122) | P value |
| Age (years), median | 41 (29–60) | 47 (32.5–59) | 40 (29–60) | 0.68 |
| Male, n (%) | 110 (67.5) | 31 (75.6) | 79 (64.8) | 0.20 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| Black | 39 (23.9) | 8 (19.5) | 31 (25.4) | <0.01 |
| White | 72 (44.2) | 16 (39.0) | 56 (45.9) | |
| Hispanic | 15 (9.2) | 2 (4.9) | 13 (10.7) | |
| Other/unknown | 37 (22.7) | 15 (36.6) | 22 (18.0) | |
| BMI, median | 24.8 (21.5–27.3) | 25 (21.8–25.8) | 24.7 (21.1–27.8) | 0.57 |
| CrCl (mL/min), median | 107.4 (72.9–140.2) | 111.5 (101.1.–168.0) | 102.5 (46.4–125.4) | 0.06 |
| AIS Score, median | ||||
| Head/neck | 0 (0–0) | 4 (3–4) | 0 (0–0) | <0.01 |
| Face | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0.28 |
| Chest | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–2) | 0.71 |
| Abdomen/pelvis | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–2) | 1 (0–3) | 0.15 |
| Extremity | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–3) | 0.99 |
| External | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.09 |
| ISS, median | 18 (11–26) | 26 (20.5–32) | 17 (10–22) | <0.01 |
| ISS without AIS head/neck, median | 17 (10–20) | 13 (5–18) | 17 (10–22) | 0.08 |
| Mechanism of injury, n (%) | ||||
| Mechanism of injury, blunt, n (%) | 141 (87.1) | 41 (100) | 101 (82.8) | <0.01 |
| Automobile vs. pedestrian collision | 22 (13.5) | 4 (9.8) | 18 (14.8) | 0.07 |
| Motorcycle collision | 13 (8.0) | 6 (14.6) | 7 (5.7) | |
| Motor vehicle collision | 40 (24.5) | 6 (14.6) | 34 (27.9) | |
| Fall | 49 (30.1) | 17 (41.5) | 32 (26.2) | |
| Other | 39 (23.9) | 8 (19.5) | 31 (25.4) | |
| Injury profile,* n (%) | ||||
| Intra-abdominal solid organ injury | 19 (11.7) | 4 (9.8) | 15 (12.3) | 0.78 |
| Lower extremity fracture | 48 (29.4) | 11 (26.8) | 37 (30.3) | 0.82 |
| Pelvic fracture | 36 (22.1) | 14 (34.1) | 22 (18.0) | 0.05 |
| Spine fracture | 43 (26.4) | 13 (31.7) | 30 (24.6) | 0.49 |
| Upper extremity fracture | 29 (17.8) | 12 (29.3) | 17 (13.9) | 0.09 |
| Type of TBI,* n (%) | ||||
| Contusion | – | 11 (26.8) | – | – |
| Epidural hematoma | – | 6 (14.6) | – | – |
| Intraparenchymal hemorrhage | – | 4 (9.8) | – | – |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | – | 18 (43.9) | – | – |
| Subdural hematoma | – | 20 (48.8) | – | – |
| Other | – | 1 (2.4) | – | – |
BMI calculated as weight in kilogram divided by height in meters squared.
*More than one injury type, type of TBI and operative intervention were possible for each patient.
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; BMI, Body Mass Index; CrCl, creatinine clearance; ISS, Injury Severity Score; TBI, traumatic brain injury.