Primary and secondary outcomes between pre-ACS and post-ACS periods
| Outcomes | Pre-ACS (n=162) Mean (95% CI) or n (%) | Post-ACS (n=259) Mean (95% CI) or n (%) | P value |
| Crude mortality rate | 66 (41) | 62 (24) | <0.001* |
| LOS (days) | 6.4 (5.6 to 7.3) | 5.6 (5.2 to 6.0) | 0.033† |
| Time to EGD (hours) | 44 (35 to 53) | 25 (22 to 29) | <0.001† |
| %EGD | 113 (70) | 230 (89) | <0.001* |
| Complications | |||
| Overall complications | 62 (38) | 70 (27) | 0.018* |
| Acute renal failure | 41 (25) | 53 (20) | 0.279* |
| Septicemia | 8 (5) | 13 (5) | >0.999* |
| Hepatic failure (complication) | 7 (4) | 6 (2) | 0.260* |
| Respiratory complications‡ | 38 (23) | 32 (12) | 0.004* |
| Pneumonia | 10 (6) | 5 (2) | 0.030* |
| Respiratory failure | 33 (20) | 30 (12) | 0.017* |
| Cardiovascular complications§ | 4 (2) | 5 (2) | 0.738* |
*Fisher’s exact test.
†Unpaired t-test.
‡Respiratory complications included pneumonia and respiratory failure.
§Cardiovascular complications included acute myocardial infarction, acute heart failure and acute heart conductive disorders.
ACS, acute care surgery; %EGD, proportion of patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy; EGD, esophagogastroduodenoscopy; LOS, length of hospital stay.