Demographic and clinical characteristics of pre-ACS and post-ACS patients with UGIH
| Characteristics | Pre-ACS (n=162) Mean (95% CI) or n (%) | Post-ACS (n=259) Mean (95% CI) or n (%) | P value |
| Demographic data | |||
| Age (years) | 51 (49 to 53) | 53 (52 to 55) | 0.031* |
| Male | 131 (81) | 187 (72) | 0.048† |
| Initial vital signs | |||
| SBP | 105 (100 to 110) | 111 (107 to 114) | 0.038* |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 61 (58 to 64) | 69 (66 to 71) | <0.001* |
| HR | 101 (97 to 106) | 99 (96 to 102) | 0.378* |
| Hemodynamic status | 0.001† | ||
| Stable (HR<100 and SBP≥100) | 29 (18) | 87 (34) | |
| Tachycardia (HR≥100) | 63 (39) | 89 (34) | |
| Hypotension (SBP<100) | 70 (43) | 83 (32) | |
| Laboratory results | |||
| Hemoglobin | 6.6 (6.2 to 7.0) | 7.7 (7.3 to 8.0) | <0.001* |
| Hematocrit | 19.7 (18.7 to 20.7) | 22.8 (21.9 to 23.7) | <0.001* |
| Platelet | 129 (117 to 142)×103 | 133 (123 to 143)×103 | 0.702* |
| PT | 28.4 (23.6 to 33.2) | 19.9 (18.3 to 21.6) | <0.001* |
| PTT | 49.6 (41.2 to 58.1) | 36.1 (32.6 to 39.7) | 0.001* |
| INR | 2.5 (2.0 to 3.0) | 1.7 (1.6 to 1.9) | <0.001* |
| BUN | 28.1 (25.1 to 31.0) | 32.1 (29.1 to 35.1) | 0.078* |
| Creatinine | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.7) | 1.4 (1.2 to 1.6) | 0.733* |
| eGFR | 77.9 (70.9 to 84.8) | 84.9 (78.9 to 90.9) | 0.140* |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Chronic kidney disease | 61 (38) | 86 (33) | 0.401† |
| Hepatic failure (preadmission) | 5 (3) | 4 (2) | 0.315† |
| Cirrhosis | 126 (78) | 183 (71) | 0.114† |
| Hepatitis | 21 (13) | 45 (17) | 0.271† |
| Hypertension | 23 (14) | 55 (21) | 0.073† |
| Diabetes | 20 (12) | 49 (19) | 0.080† |
| Dyslipidemia | 2 (1) | 10 (4) | 0.141† |
| Stroke | 2 (1) | 8 (3) | 0.329† |
| Cardiovascular comorbidities‡ | 5 (3) | 7 (3) | >0.999† |
| Pre-endoscopic Rockall Score | 3.7 (3.5 to 3.9) | 3.4 (3.3 to 3.6) | 0.030* |
*Unpaired t-test.
†Fisher’s exact test.
‡Cardiovascular comorbidities included myocardial infarction, heart failure, hypertensive heart diseases and heart conductive disorders.
ACS, acute care surgery; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, heart rate; INR, international normalized ratio; PT, prothrombin time; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; SBP, systolic blood pressure; UGIH, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.