Time period | Period 1 | Period 1b | Period 2 | Period 3 |
Year | 2019 | 2019 | 2020 | 2020 |
Dates | January 1–December 31 | March 16–June 30 | January 1–March 15 | March 16–June 30 |
Total patients | 12 797 | 3707 | 2488 | 3282 |
Average patients per day across all six sites | 35.1 (6.8)*** | 34.6 (6.8)** | 33.2 (7.0) | 30.7 (8.4) |
Age ≥65 years, % (n) | 42.9 (5496) | 41.4 (1536) | 44.8 (1114)* | 40.9 (1341) |
Female, % (n) | 42.9 (5487) | 41.9 (1553) | 44.4 (1104) | 41.2 (1351) |
Race, % (n) | ||||
White | 76.5 (9796) | 75.6 (2803) | 76.2 (1895) | 74.8 (2454) |
Black | 10.1 (1287) | 10.5 (390) | 9.5 (237) | 10.4 (342) |
Asian | 1.6 (202) | 1.5 (56) | 1.7 (41) | 1.6 (53) |
American Indian | 0.7 (88) | 0.7 (27) | 1.0 (25) | 0.8 (27) |
Native Hawaiian | 1.0 (131) | 1.1 (39) | 1.4 (35) | 1.7 (55) |
Other/unknown/undocumented | 10.1 (1293) | 10.6 (392) | 10.3 (255) | 10.7 (351) |
Injury type, % (n) | *** | * | * | |
Blunt | 89.6 (11 461) | 89.4 (3 314) | 89.7 (2 232) | 87.1 (2,857) |
Penetrating | 6.9 (884) | 7.3 (269) | 6.7 (168) | 9.4 (308) |
Other/undocumented | 3.5 (452) | 3.4 (124) | 3.5 (88) | 3.6 (117) |
Injury severity, % (n) | * | |||
ISS ≤15 | 83.1 (10 637) | 82.5 (3057) | 85.2 (2119) | 81.8 (2685) |
ISS 16–24 | 9.8 (1253) | 10.5 (391) | 9.0 (223) | 10.5 (343) |
ISS ≥25 | 7.1 (907) | 7.0 (259) | 5.9 (146) | 7.7 (254) |
Level of trauma team activation, % (n) | *** | *** | *** | |
Full/requires immediate response | 15.1 (1936) | 16.1 (597) | 13.7 (340) | 16.4 (538) |
Partial/requires non-immediate response | 29.3 (3746) | 31.0 (1149) | 26.3 (655) | 27.9 (915) |
Consult/requires eventual response | 8.3 (1064) | 8.1 (301) | 16.2 (404) | 18.3 (600) |
None/no trauma surgeon required | 34.9 (4460) | 32.3 (1197) | 30.9 (769) | 24.8 (814) |
Other/unlisted | 12.4 (1591) | 12.5 (463) | 12.9 (320) | 12.6 (415) |
Interhospital transfers, % (n) | 33.3 (4258) | 33.3 (1236) | 36.7 (912)*** | 31.6 (1036) |
ED discharge disposition, % (n) | * | |||
Died | 0.5 (69) | 0.5 (18) | 0.4 (10) | 0.7 (24) |
ICU | 24.9 (3180) | 25.9 (959) | 24.1 (599) | 24.0 (787) |
OR/IR | 8.1 (1033) | 8.9 (330) | 7.8 (193) | 9.2 (303) |
Floor/stepdown/observation | 52.1 (6671) | 49.9 (1849) | 53.9 (1341) | 52.2 (1714) |
Left hospital (transfer/home) | 10.1 (1292) | 10.8 (399) | 10.0 (248) | 10.8 (355) |
Other/undocumented | 4.3 (552) | 4.1 (152) | 3.9 (97) | 3.0 (99) |
In-hospital mortality, % (n) | 3.3 (421)*** | 3.2 (119)** | 3.3 (82)* | 4.2 (137) |
HLOS, median (IQR), days | 3.0 (1.6–6.0)*** | 3.0 (1.0–5.9) | 3.0 (1.7–6.0) | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) |
ICULOS, median (IQR), days | 0.0 (0.0–2.0) | 0.0 (0.0–2.0) | 0.0 (0.0–2.0) | 0.0 (0.0–2.0) |
Level of statistically significant difference from period 3: *p<0.01; **p<0.001; ***p<0.0001. Combining percents may not equal 100% due to rounding.
d, days; ED, emergency department; HLOS, hospital length of stay; ICULOS, intensive care unit length of stay; IR, interventional radiology; ISS, injury severity scale; OR, operating room.