Penetrating injury patients transported by police and EMS, 2006–2015
| Police transport | EMS transport | P value | |
| n=2813 | n=4687 | ||
| Male | 2608 (92.7) | 4137 (88.3) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| White | 147 (5.2) | 624 (13.3) | |
| Black | 2261 (80.4) | 3324 (70.9) | |
| Hispanic | 219 (7.8) | 392 (8.4) | |
| Asian | 29 (1.0) | 73 (1.6) | |
| Other | 157 (5.6) | 274 (5.9) | |
| Age* | 25 (20–34) | 28 (21–39) | <0.001 |
| Insurance | <0.001 | ||
| Medicare | 33 (1.2) | 131 (2.8) | |
| Medicaid | 1422 (50.6) | 2602 (55.5) | |
| Private | 314 (11.2) | 606 (12.9) | |
| Uninsured/other | 1044 (37.1) | 1348 (28.8) | |
| Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)*† | 15 (3–15) | 15 (14–15) | <0.001 |
| Transfused blood in ED | 671 (23.9) | 635 (13.6) | <0.001 |
| Mechanism | <0.001 | ||
| Cut/stabbed | 307 (10.9) | 1434 (30.6) | |
| Firearm | 2401 (85.4) | 2897 (61.9) | |
| Intent | <0.001 | ||
| Unintentional | 410 (13.6) | 1793 (38.3) | |
| Self-harm | 10 (0.4) | 110 (2.4) | |
| Assault | 2393 (85.1) | 2784 (59.4) | |
| Injury Severity Score (ISS)* | 14 (9–15) | 10 (5–20) | |
| Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS)* | 0.98 (0.76–0.99) | 0.99 (0.96–0.99) | <0.001 |
| A Severity Characterization of Trauma (ASCOT) score* | 0.99 (0.70–1.0) | 0.99 (0.96–1.0) | <0.001 |
| Weekend admission | 882 (31.4) | 1436 (30.6) | 0.52 |
| Injured at night (22:00–04:00) | 2302 (81.8) | 5652 (71.5) | <0.001 |
| Location of injury | <0.001 | ||
| Home | 196 (7.0) | 1259 (26.9) | |
| Public place/unknown | 2617 (93.0) | 3428 (73.1) | |
| Driving time in minutes, home zip code to nearest trauma center* | 3.7 (2.2–4.7) | 4.0 (2.4–5.0) | <0.001 |
| Underwent operation | 1315 (46.8) | 2018 (43.1) | |
| Died | 791 (28.1) | 943 (20.1) | <0.001 |
| Disposition of survivors | 0.163 | ||
| Home | 1574 (77.8) | 2876 (76.8) | |
| Other healthcare | 278 (13.8) | 579 (15.5) | |
| Law enforcement custody | 170 (8.4) | 288 (7.7) | |
*Median, IQR. All others n (%).
†At admission.
ED, emergency department; EMS, emergency medical services.