Publication | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PPV (%) | NPV (%) | LR+ | LR− | Accuracy (%) |
Thorax and rib cage | |||||||
Lampart et al20 | 22.7 (7.8–45.4) | 95.7 (85.2–99.5) | 71.4 (34.5–92.2) | 72.1 (67.2–76.6) | 5.2 (1.1–24.9) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 72.1 (59.9–82.3) |
Singleton et al19 | 41.7 (31.7–52.2) | 100 (98.4–100) | 100 (n/a) | 80.7 (77.9–83.2) | n/a | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | 83.0 (78.5–86.9) |
Thoracolumbar spine | |||||||
Karul et al28 | 49.2 (36.6–61.9) | 54.8 (38.7–70.2) | 62.8 (52.7–71.8) | 41.1 (32.6–50.1) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 51.4 (41.5–61.2) |
Lampart et al20 (thoracic spine) | 40.0 (19.1–64.0) | 100 (75.3–100) | 100 (n/a) | 52.0 (43.1–60.8) | n/a | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 63.6 (45.1–79.6) |
Lampart et al20 (lumbar spine) | 57.8 (42.2–72.3) | 100 (88.8–100) | 100 (n/a) | 62.0 (53.7–69.7) | n/a | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 75.0 (63.7–84.2) |
Hip and pelvic ring | |||||||
Böhme et al21 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Dunker et al22 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Eggenberger et al29 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Heikal et al23 | 10.5 (2.9–24.8) | 100 (87.2–100) | 100 (n/a) | 44.3 (41.6–47) | n/a | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 47.7 (35.2–60.5) |
Lampart et al20 | 31.4 (23.3–40.5) | 98.6 (92.6–99.9) | 97.4 (84.2–99.6) | 46.5 (43.4–49.5) | 22.9 (3.2–163.5) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 56.7 (49.4–63.8) |
Natoli et al24 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Nüchtern et al27 | 0 (0–7.4) | 66.7 (34.9–90.1) | 0 | 14.3 (10.5–19.9) | 0 | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 13.3 (5.9–24.6) |
Schicho et al25 | 52.2 (45.5–58.7) | 95.5 (92.5–97.5) | 89.6 (83.6–93.6) | 72.7 (69.9–75.4) | 11.6 (6.8–19.6) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 76.9 (73.2–80.4) |
Thomas et al26 | 0 (0–3.4) | 100 (96.1–100) | n/a | 46.7 (46.7–46.7) | n/a | 1. (1.0–1.0) | 46.7 (39.7–53.9) |
LR+, positive likelihood ratios; LR−, negative likelihood ratio; n/a, not applicable; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; XR, plain radiography.