Characteristic | All patients (n=125) | Before cohort (n=59)* | After cohort (n=66)† | P value |
Age (years) | 54.0 (35.0–70.0) | 51.0 (35.0–68.0) | 57.0 (39.3–74.0) | 0.50 |
Male sex (%) | 84 (66.1) | 41 (69.5) | 43 (65.2) | 0.61 |
Mechanism of injury (%) | 0.21 | |||
Motor vehicle crash | 59 (47.2) | 26 (44.1) | 33 (50.0) | |
Fall from a height | 47 (37.6) | 20 (33.9) | 27 (40.9) | |
Stabbing | 14 (11.2) | 9 (15.3) | 5 (7.6) | |
Compression | 5 (4.0) | 4 (6.8) | 1 (1.5) | |
Vital signs at admission | ||||
GCS total score | 11.0 (5.5–14.0) | 14.0 (6.0–15.0) | 10.0 (5.5–14.0) | 0.49 |
GCS <9 (%) | 56 (44.8) | 25 (42.4) | 31 (47.0) | 0.61 |
RR (cycles/min) | 24.0 (18.0–30.0) | 26.0 (20.0–32.0) | 24.0 (18.0–30.0) | 0.15 |
SBP (mm Hg) | 70.0 (54.0–87.0) | 70.0 (54.0–80.0) | 72.0 (55.0–90.0) | 0.38 |
Lowest SBP before PH (mm Hg) | 50.0 (0–60.0) | 64.0 (40.0–70.0) | 48.5 (0.0–60.0) | 0.003 |
BT (°C) | 36.0 (35.5–36.7) | 36.0 (35.5–36.5) | 36.0 (35.4–36.8) | 0.26 |
Pulse rate (beats/min) | 110.0 (90.0–130.8) | 118.0 (90.0–135.0) | 107.0 (90.0–127.5) | 0.25 |
Laboratory evaluations at admission | ||||
pH | 7.3 (7.1–7.4) | 7.3 (7.1–7.3) | 7.3 (7.1–7.4) | 0.49 |
Base excess (mmol/L) | −10.7 (−18.0, −5.2) | −11.4 (−18.1, −5.9) | −9.7 (−17.8, −4.5) | 0.48 |
Lactate (mg/dL) | 65.0 (36.0–100.0) | 66.0 (39.8–101.3) | 65.0 (35.5–99.0) | 0.32 |
D-dimer (μg/mL) | 43.1 (16.8–99.9) | 27.0 (11.7–60.2) | 63.1 (28.8–111.8) | 0.21 |
PT-INR | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 0.01 |
Trauma score | ||||
RTS | 5.6 (3.5–6.6) | 5.6 (4.1–6.4) | 5.6 (3.0–6.8) | 0.77 |
ISS | 43.0 (32.0–57.0) | 34.0 (27.0–50.0) | 50.0 (39.3–66.0) | <0.001 |
TRISS-PS (%) | 34.8 (5.0–74.7) | 53.2 (12.9–83.5) | 23.0 (1.7–64.2) | 0.005 |
*Admitted between January 2011 and September 2014.
†Admitted between October 2014 and January 2019.
BT, body temperature; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, Injury Severity Score; PH, primary hemostasis; PT-INR, prothrombin time-international normalized ratio; RR, respiratory rate; RTS, Revised Trauma Score; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TRISS-PS, probability of survival calculated by the Trauma and Injury Severity Score.