Mode of arrival | Unknown final outcome | |||
GEMS | HEMS | Total | ||
Total | 54 185 | 7548 | 61 733 | 5748 |
Male, n (%) | 31 487 (58.1) | 5619 (74.4) | 37 106 (60.1) | 3891 (67.7) |
Age, median (IQR) | 61.9 (40.7–80.9) | 45.5 (29–60.3) | 59.3 (38.5–79.4) | 53 (34.5–71.6) |
Prehospital GCS, median (IQR)* | 15 (14–15) | 15 (10–15) | 15 (14–15) | 15 (11–15) |
Prehospital SBP, median (IQR)* | 137 (120–155) | 129 (110–146) | 136 (119–154) | 132 (114–152) |
ISS | 10 (9–20) | 20 (10–29) | 10 (9–21) | 21 (10–29) |
Prehospital O2sat, median (IQR)* | 97 (95–99) | 98 (95–100) | 97 (95–99) | 97 (95–99) |
Prehospital pulse rate, median (IQR)* | 84 (72–98) | 88 (72–104) | 84 (72–99) | 86 (73–102) |
Prehospital resp rate, median (IQR)* | 18 (16–20) | 20 (16–24) | 18 (16–22) | 18 (16–22) |
Time from leaving scene to arrival to hospital (mins), median (IQR) | 24 (17–34) | 22 (16–30) | 24 (17–34) | 25 (17–36) |
Penetrating injury, n (%) | 2459 (4.5) | 363 (4.8) | 2822 (4.6) | 162 (2.8) |
MOI, n (%) | ||||
Vehicle incident/collision | 13 584 (25.1) | 4560 (60.4) | 18 144 (29.4) | 2494 (43.4) |
Fall from heights | 8527 (15.7) | 1387 (18.4) | 9914 (16.1) | 1368 (23.8) |
Low fall | 26 303 (48.5) | 644 (8.5) | 26 947 (43.7) | 1286 (22.4) |
Stabbing/shooting | 2195 (4.1) | 294 (3.9) | 2489 (4) | 130 (2.3) |
Other | 3576 (6.6) | 663 (8.8) | 4239 (6.9) | 470 (8.2) |
Prehospital intubation, n (%) | 1106 (2) | 2115 (28) | 3221 (5.2) | 744 (12.9) |
LOS in days, median (IQR) | 10 (5–19) | 10 (5–20) | 10 (5–19) | 12 (4–24) |
Neuro center on site, n (%)† | 49 153 (90.7) | 7357 (97.5) | 56 510 (91.5) | 4528 (78.8) |
Head injury AIS 3+, n (%) | 14 481 (26.7) | 2703 (35.8) | 17 184 (27.8) | 2487 (43.3) |
Attendance at scene, n (%) | ||||
Consultant | 0 (0) | 476 (6.3) | 476 (0.8) | 115 (2) |
Doctor | 0 (0) | 3438 (45.5) | 3438 (5.6) | 749 (13) |
Paramedic only | 48 962 (90.4) | 2834 (37.5) | 51 796 (83.9) | 4232 (73.6) |
Mortality | 4559 (8.4) | 1181 (15.6) | 5740 (9.3) | N/A |
*Prehospital characteristics are taken from the earliest recorded data.
†Neurosurgery/neurological care facility.
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; GEMS, ground emergency medical services; HEMS, helicopter emergency medical services; ISS, Injury Severity Score; LOS, length of stay; MOI, mechanism of injury; MTCs, major trauma centers; O2sat, oxygen saturation; SBP, systolic blood pressure.