Participant characteristics
| Characteristics | All trained (n=48) | Trained on swine model (n=24) | Trained on innanimate manikin (n=24) | P value |
| Age (mean, SD) | 26.2±3.0 | 25.6±2.3 | 26.8±3.5 | 0.19 |
| Gender | ||||
| Women | 25 (52.1) | 11 (45.8) | 14 (58.3) | 0.39 |
| Men | 23 (47.9) | 13 (54.1) | 10 (41.7) | |
| Anticipated specialty (n (%)) | ||||
| General surgery | 15 (31.3) | 7 (29.2) | 8 (33.3) | 0.92 |
| Otolaryngology head and neck surgery | 4 (8.3) | 3 (12.5) | 1 (4.2) | |
| Specialty surgery | 7 (14.6) | 4 (16.7) | 3 (12.5) | |
| Emergency medicine | 4 (8.3) | 2 (8.3) | 2 (8.3) | |
| Medicine | 11 (22.9) | 5 (20.8) | 6 (25.0) | |
| Undecided | 7 (14.6) | 3 (12.5) | 4 (16.7) | |