Risk factors | CT positive (n=461) | CT negative (n=538) | P value | AuROC (95% CI) | ||
N | % | N | % | |||
Gender—male | 176 | 38.2 | 226 | 42.0 | 0.220 | 0.52 (0.49 to 0.55) |
Age >60 years | 145 | 31.5 | 306 | 56.9 | <0.001 | 0.37 (0.34 to 0.40) |
Admission GCS score | ||||||
GCS 15 | 385 | 83.5 | 490 | 91.1 | 0.001 | 0.46 (0.43 to 0.49) |
GCS 14 | 51 | 11.1 | 33 | 6.1 | ||
GCS 13 | 25 | 5.4 | 15 | 2.8 | ||
Skull fracture | 96 | 20.8 | 2 | 0.4 | <0.001 | 0.60 (0.57 to 0.63) |
Basilar skull fracture | 10 | 2.2 | 0 | 0 | <0.001 | 0.51 (0.48 to 0.54) |
GCS score drop ≥2 points | 20 | 4.3 | 8 | 1.5 | 0.007 | 0.51 (0.48 to 0.55) |
Penetrating skull injury | 3 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0.098 | 0.50 (0.47 to 0.53) |
Vomiting ≥2 times | 40 | 8.7 | 47 | 8.7 | 0.999 | 0.50 (0.47 to 0.53) |
Neurological deficit | 57 | 12.4 | 29 | 5.4 | <0.001 | 0.53 (0.50 to 0.57) |
Post-traumatic seizure | 17 | 3.7 | 14 | 2.6 | 0.363 | 0.51 (0.47 to 0.54) |
Headache | 164 | 35.6 | 131 | 24.4 | <0.001 | 0.56 (0.53 to 0.59) |
Severe headache | 33 | 7.2 | 0 | 0 | <0.001 | 0.53 (0.50 to 0.57) |
Post-traumatic amnesia | 262 | 58.8 | 131 | 24.4 | <0.001 | 0.66 (0.63 to 0.69) |
History of LOCs | 312 | 67.7 | 87 | 16.2 | <0.001 | 0.76 (0.73 to 0.78) |
Scalp/facial hematoma | 85 | 18.4 | 41 | 7.6 | <0.001 | 0.55 (0.52 to 0.59) |
Intoxication | 89 | 25.9 | 35 | 22.6 | 0.502 | 0.52 (0.47 to 0.56) |
AuROC, area under receiving operating characteristic curve; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; LOC, loss of consciousness; TBI, traumatic brain injury.