Characteristics of patients
| Total | Severe shock | Moderate shock | ||||
| n=1169 | n=777 | n=392 | ||||
| Median age, year (IQR) | 50.0 | (34.0–67.0) | 54.0 | (36.0–70.0) | 43.5 | (30.0–60.0) |
| Male (%) | 779 | (66.6) | 513 | (66.0) | 266 | (67.9) |
| Year of occurrence | ||||||
| 2006–2010 (%) | 478 | (40.9) | 306 | (39.4) | 392 | (43.9) |
| 2011–2015 (%) | 691 | (59.1) | 471 | (60.6) | 220 | (56.1) |
| Penetrating injury (%) | 271 | (23.2) | 169 | (21.8) | 102 | (26.0) |
| Transport measure (%) | ||||||
| Ambulance | 975 | (83.4) | 649 | (83.5) | 326 | (83.2) |
| Doctor-staffed car | 82 | (7.0) | 57 | (7.3) | 25 | (6.4) |
| Helicopter | 112 | (9.6) | 71 | (9.1) | 41 | (10.5) |
| Median ISS (IQR) | 29.0 | (16.0–41.0) | 27.0 | (16.0–41.0) | 29.0 | (16.0–41.0) |
| Median AIS (IQR) | ||||||
| Brain | 0.0 | (0.0–3.0) | 0.0 | (0.0–3.0) | 0.0 | (0.0–3.0) |
| Chest | 3.0 | (0.0–4.0) | 2.0 | (0.0–4.0) | 3.0 | (0.0–4.0) |
| Abdomen | 2.0 | (0.0–3.0) | 2.0 | (0.0–4.0) | 2.0 | (0.0–3.0) |
| Lower extremities and pelvis | 2.0 | (0.0–4.0) | 2.0 | (0.0–4.0) | 1.0 | (0.0–4.0) |
| Vital signs on arrival, median (IQR) | ||||||
| SBP | 62.0 | (40.0–74.0) | 54.0 | (40.0–62.0) | 80.0 | (74.0–84.0) |
| RR | 25.0 | (20.0–30.0) | 24.0 | (20.0–30.0) | 26.0 | (20.0–32.0) |
| HR | 119.0 | (93.0–133.0) | 107.0 | (82.0–127.0) | 126.0 | (118.0–140.0) |
| GCS | 12.0 | (6.0–14.0) | 12.0 | (6.0–14.0) | 13.0 | (7.0–14.0) |
| Type of procedure in ED (%) | ||||||
| Intubation | 770 | (65.9) | 524 | (67.4) | 246 | (62.8) |
| ERT | 69 | (5.9) | 51 | (6.6) | 18 | (4.6) |
| REBOA | 154 | (13.2) | 120 | (15.4) | 34 | (8.7) |
| Transfusion | 948 | (81.1) | 626 | (80.6) | 322 | (82.1) |
| Type of definitive care (%) | ||||||
| Craniotomy | 50 | (4.3) | 33 | (4.2) | 17 | (4.3) |
| Thoracotomy | 159 | (13.6) | 105 | (13.5) | 54 | (13.8) |
| Laparotomy | 387 | (33.1) | 256 | (32.9) | 131 | (33.4) |
| Orthopedic surgery | 141 | (12.1) | 99 | (12.7) | 42 | (10.7) |
| TAE | 340 | (29.1) | 226 | (29.1) | 114 | (29.1) |
| Median time interval, min (IQR) | ||||||
| From injury to arrival at hospital | 37.0 | (28.0–48.0) | 36.0 | (28.0–48.0) | 37.0 | (28.0–49.0) |
| From arrival at hospital to definitive care | 95.0 | (61.0–133.0) | 93.0 | (60.0–132.0) | 100.0 | (63.0–137.0) |
| From injury to definitive care | 137.0 | (102.0–177.0) | 136.0 | (101.0–177.0) | 139.0 | (103.8–179.2) |
| Hospital course | ||||||
| In-hospital mortality | 386 | (33.0) | 282 | (36.3) | 104 | (26.5) |
| Median length of stay in hospital (IQR) | 20.0 | (2.0–58.8) | 17.0 | (1.0–59.0) | 24.0 | (4.0–58.0) |
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ED, emergency department; ERT, emergency resuscitative thoracotomy; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HR, heart rate; IQR, Interquartile range; ISS, Injury Severity Score; REBOA, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta; RR, respiratory rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TAE, transarterial embolization.