Patient demographics, resuscitation, and outcome parameters
| Demographics | Total cohort (n=297) | No infectious complications (n=163) | Infectious complications (n=134) | P value |
| Age (years) | 46 (27–60) | 44 (24–59) | 50 (30–61) | 0.08 |
| Gender (% male) | 216 (73) | 111 (68) | 105 (78) | 0.05 |
| MOI (%blunt) | 286 (96) | 154 (94) | 132 (99) | 0.12 |
| ISS | 29 (22–35) | 29 (22–34) | 29 (22–36) | 0.48 |
| AIS head | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) | 0.72 |
| AIS face | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 0.15 |
| AIS chest | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 0.12 |
| AIS abdomen | 2 (0–3) | 2 (0–2) | 2 (0–3) | 0.75 |
| AIS extr /pelvis | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (0–3) | 0.11 |
| AIS external | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.30 |
| Pelvic fracture | 93 (31) | 42 (25) | 51 (38) | 0.02* |
| Urgent laparotomy | 71 (24) | 29 (18) | 42 (31) | 0.009* |
| ED parameters | ||||
| SBP (mm Hg) | 120 (100–136) | 121 (100–142) | 117 (96–132) | 0.08 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 75 (60–86) | 78 (60–90) | 74 (60–83) | 0.05 |
| Temperature (0C) | 35.5 (34.4–36.5) | 35.4 (34.3–36.5) | 35.5 (34.4–36.5) | 0.78 |
| Hb (mmol/L) | 8.0 (7.2–8.9) | 8.0 (7.4–9.1) | 8.0 (7.2–8.9) | 0.48 |
| Leukocytes (x109/L) | 15.3 (11.1–20.1) | 15.3 (11.6–19.9) | 15.3 (9.8–20.6) | 0.56 |
| Platelets(x109/L) | 235 (190–281) | 233 (190–288) | 235 (187–277) | 0.67 |
| PT | 15.2 (13.9–17.3) | 15.1 (14.0–17.0) | 15.5 (13.9–17.9) | 0.34 |
| pH | 7.31 (7.26–7.37) | 7.32 (7.26–7.38) | 7.30 (7.25–7.35) | 0.15 |
| PaCO2 (mm Hg) | 46 (41–54) | 46 (40–52) | 47 (42–54) | 0.19 |
| PaO2 (mm Hg) | 202 (105–302) | 221 (100–329) | 198 (106–277) | 0.35 |
| BD (mmol/L) | 3.0 (0.0–6.0) | 2.5 (0.0–6.0) | 3.0 (0.0–6.0) | 0.63 |
| Sat (%) | 100 (97–100) | 100 (97–100) | 100 (98–100) | 0.98 |
| ICU Parameters | ||||
| SBP (mm Hg) | 119 (105–136) | 120 (106–136) | 119 (105–137) | 0.82 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 65 (56–74) | 66 (56–75) | 65 (55–73) | 0.38 |
| Temperature (0C) | 35.3 (34.5–36.0) | 35.4 (34.3–36.1) | 35.3 (34.5–35.9) | 0.70 |
| Hb (mmol/L) | 7.6 (6.8–8.3) | 7.6 (6.8–8.3) | 7.5 (6.8–8.2) | 0.71 |
| pH | 7.33 (7.29–7.38) | 7.34 (7.30–7.38) | 7.33 (7.28–7.38) | 0.68 |
| PaCO2 (mm Hg) | 43 (38–47) | 43 (39–47) | 43 (38–47) | 0.73 |
| PaO2 (mm Hg) | 150 (114–192) | 153 (116–190) | 144 (108–198) | 0.36 |
| BD (mmol/L) | 3.5 (1.5–5.7) | 3.2 (1.4–5.5) | 4.0 (1.5–6.1) | 0.23 |
| Sat (%) | 98 (98–99) | 98 (98–99) | 98 (97–99) | 0.10 |
| UO (ml) | 150 (80–300) | 150 (80–310) | 145 (71–295) | 0.54 |
| Resuscitation | ||||
| Crystalloids (L) | ||||
| <8 hours | 4.7 (2.4–6.3) | 4.5 (2.3–6.3) | 4.8 (2.7–6.3) | 0.31 |
| <24 hours | 7.4 (5.1–10.4) | 7.3 (4.6–10.3) | 7.9 (5.5–10.4) | 0.19 |
| PRBC (u) | ||||
| <8 hours | 1 (0–4) | 0 (0–3) | 2 (0–6) | 0.03* |
| <24 hours | 1 (0–5) | 1 (0–4) | 2 (0–7) | 0.06 |
| FFP (u) | ||||
| <8 hours | 0 (0–4) | 0 (0–3) | 1 (0–5) | 0.04* |
| <24 hours | 0 (0–5) | 0 (0–4) | 2 (0–7) | 0.06 |
| PLT (u)† | ||||
| <8 hours | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0.04* |
| <24 hours | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.03* |
| Outcome | ||||
| Ventilator days | 7 (3–11) | 5 (2–8) | 10 (5–15) | <0.001* |
| ICU-LOS (days) | 8 (4–14) | 6 (3–10) | 11 (6–17) | <0.001* |
| H-LOS (days) | 21 (13–33) | 16 (10–24) | 30 (20–44) | <0.001* |
| MODS | 56 (19) | 21 (13) | 35 (25) | 0.005* |
| ARDS | 15 (5) | 5 (3) | 10 (7) | 0.11 |
| Mortality | 44 (15) | 27 (17) | 17 (12) | 0.41 |
Data are expressed as median (IQR) or absolute numbers (%).
*Statistically significant.
†1 unit of platelets contains five donors.
AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; ARDS, acute respiratory dysfunction syndrome; BD, base deficit; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; Hb, hemoglobin; H-LOS, hospital length of stay; ICU, intensive care unit; ISS, Injury Severity Score; LOS, length of stay; MODS, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; MOI, mechanism of injury; PaCO2, partial pressures of carbon dioxide; PaO2, partial pressures of oxygen; PLT, platelets; PRBC, packed red blood cells; PT, prothrombin time; Sat, saturation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; UO, urinary output first hour in ICU.