Ranking of preference of additional treatments for patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome who fail conventional mechanical ventilation
| Rank (all respondents) | Modality | Respondents that use modality (%) | ECMO directors ranking | Trauma surgeons ranking | Surgical intensivists ranking |
| 1 | APRV | 82.0% | APRV | APRV | APRV |
| 2 | Bilevel | 71.4% | Prone | Paralysis | Bilevel |
| 3 | Paralysis | 83.0% | Paralysis | Bilevel | Paralysis |
| 4 | Prone | 86.9% | NO | Prone | Prone |
| 5 | NO | 75.7% | Bilevel | NO | Epo |
| 6 | Epo | 59.2% | Epo | HFOV | NO |
| 7 | HFOV | 61.7% | HFOV | Epo | HFOV |
| 8 | Steroids | 60.2% | Steroids | Steroids | Steroids |
| 9 | Surfactant | 44.2% | Surfactant | Surfactant | Surfactant |
APRV, airway pressure release ventilation; Epo, epoprostenol; HFOV, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation; NO, nitric oxide; bilevel, bilevel ventilation; paralysis, pharmacological paralysis; prone, prone positioning; steroids, corticosteroids.