Patients’ demographics and clinical characteristics
| Age ≥55 years | ||||
| Overall (n=263) | No complications (n=228) | Complications (n=35) | P value | |
| Age (mean (SD)) | 63 (13) | 62 (10) | 64 (15) | 0.346 |
| Gender (male) | 164 (62.4) | 144 (63.2) | 20 (57.1) | 0.646 |
| ISS | ||||
| ISS <15 | 212 (80.6) | 200 (87.7) | 12 (34.3) | <0.001 |
| ISS ≥25 | 11 (4.2) | 2 (0.9) | 9 (25.7) | <0.001 |
| No smoking | 99 (37.6) | 86 (37.7) | 13 (37.1) | 0.073 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 174 (66.2) | 150 (65.8) | 24 (68.6) | 0.746 |
| Diabetes | 69 (26.2) | 59 (25.9) | 10 (28.6) | 0.736 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 113 (43.0) | 102 (44.7) | 11 (31.4) | 0.139 |
| CAD | 43 (16.3) | 38 (16.7) | 5 (14.3) | 0.723 |
| COPD | 39 (14.8) | 30 (13.2) | 9 (25.7) | 0.043 |
| CHF | 32 (12.2) | 26 (11.4) | 6 (17.1) | 0.334 |
| Home oxygen | 6 (2.3) | 5 (2.2) | 1 (2.9) | 0.579 |
| PVD | 21 (8.0) | 19 (8.3) | 2 (5.7) | 1 |
| CKD | 31 (11.8) | 26 (11.4) | 5 (14.3) | 0.579 |
| Asthma | 18 (6.8) | 16 (7.0) | 3 (5.7) | 1 |
| Associated injuries | ||||
| Head | 46 (17.5) | 32 (14.0) | 14 (40.0) | <0.001 |
| Face | 23 (8.7) | 15 (6.6) | 8 (22.9) | 0.002 |
| Sternum | 13 (4.9) | 11 (4.8) | 2 (5.7) | 0.686 |
| Pulmonary | 13 (4.9) | 7 (3.1) | 6 (17.1) | <0.001 |
| Clavicle | 16 (6.1) | 11 (4.8) | 5 (14.3) | 0.029 |
| Scapula | 10 (3.8) | 7 (3.1) | 3 (8.6) | 0.134 |
| Spine | 49 (18.6) | 34 (14.9) | 15 (42.9) | <0.001 |
| Abdomen | 15 (5.7) | 10 (4.4) | 5 (14.3) | 0.035 |
| Pelvis | 20 (7.6) | 12 (5.3) | 8 (22.9) | 0.002 |
| Hemothorax | 28 (10.6) | 24 (10.5) | 4 (11.4) | 0.775 |
| Pneumothorax | 62 (23.6) | 49 (21.5) | 13 (37.1) | 0.042 |
| Admission PaCO2 | 38±11 | 35±10 | 49±13 | <0.001 |
| mFI | 0.18±0.09 | 0.09±0.09 | 0.36±0.09 | <0.001 |
CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ISS, Injury Severity Score; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; PaCO2, partial pressure of carbondioxide; mFI, modified Frailty Index.