Annual fatality estimates from animal-related encounters—USA
| Study | Time period | Annual deaths | Deaths per million person-years |
| Langley and Morrow 8 | 1979–1990 | 157 | 0.657 |
| Langley 9 | 1991–2001 | 177 | 0.655 |
| Forrester et al 10 | 1999–2007 | 200 | 0.688 |
| Forrester et al 11 | 2008–2015 | 201 | 0.641 |
| Forrester, Forrester, Tennakoon, Staudenmayer | 2010–2014 | 232 | 0.738 |