Multivariate regression analysis for survival
| Covariates | OR | 95% CI | P values |
| Age <60 years | 2.70 | 1.95 to 3.83 | <0.001 |
| ISS | 1.1 | 1.01 to 1.21 | 0.03 |
| ED SBP (mm Hg) | 1.09 | 1.05 to 1.11 | 0.01 |
| ED heart rate >60 bpm | 1.29 | 1.14 to 1.31 | 0.02 |
| Penetrating mechanism of injury | 4.76 | 2.97 to 7.60 | <0.001 |
| Prehospital CPR | 0.76 | 0.67 to 0.82 | 0.002 |
| SOL on ED arrival | 1.96 | 1.46 to 2.63 | 0.015 |
bpm, beats per minute; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; ED, emergency department; ISS, Injury Severity Score; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SOL, signs of life