Demographics by intervention
| No intervention | Surgical intervention | P value | |
| Age, mean±SD | 62.2±20.7 | 67.5±16.9 | 0.27 |
| Male, n (%) | 55 (73%) | 4 (67%) | 0.37 |
| Female, n (%) | 20 (27%) | 2 (33%) | |
| Black, n (%) | 14 (19%) | 2 (33%) | |
| White, n (%) | 55 (73%) | 4 (67%) | 0.38 |
| Other, n (%) | 6 (8%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Body mass index, mean±SD | 26.6±5.57 | 28.2±10.5 | 0.37 |