Baseline characteristics and trauma-related outcomes
| Overall | Positive findings | Negative findings | p Value | |
| n=957 | n=385 | n=572 | ||
| Characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 54.3±27.6 | 62.0±22.3 | 49.2±29.5 | 0.0001 |
| Median (range) | 58 (<1–100) | 66.3 (<1–98) | 47 (<1–98) | |
| Elderly, ≥65 years | 424 (44.3) | 204 (53.0) | 220 (38.5) | |
| Gender | 0.2828 | |||
| Male | 572 (59.8) | 222 (57.7) | 350 (61.2) | |
| Female | 385 (40.2) | 163 (42.3) | 222 (38.8) | |
| Caucasian, race | 816 (85.3) | 335 (87.0) | 481 (84.1) | 0.2273 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.9±6.6 | 26.6±9.4 | 26.2±8.8 | 0.5948 |
| Current smoker | 331 (34.6) | 136 (35.3) | 195 (34.1) | 0.7291 |
| Cardiopulmonary disease | 490 (51.2) | 224 (58.2) | 266 (46.5) | 0.0005 |
| Diabetes | 55 (5.7) | 24 (6.2) | 31 (5.4) | 0.6713 |
| Hypertension | 147 (15.4) | 60 (15.6) | 87 (15.2) | 0.9272 |
| Coronary artery disease | 34 (3.6) | 19 (4.9) | 15 (2.6) | 0.0740 |
| Pulmonary disease | 20 (2.1) | 10 (2.6) | 10 (1.7) | 0.3681 |
| Alcoholism | 14 (1.5) | 8 (2.1) | 6 (1) | 0.2717 |
| History of cancer | 85 (8.9) | 32 (8.3) | 53 (9.3) | 0.6445 |
| History of prior surgery | 443 (46.3) | 200 (51.9) | 243 (42.5) | 0.0045 |
| Trauma classification | ||||
| Fall | 551 (57.6) | 238 (61.8) | 313 (54.7) | 0.0328 |
| Motor vehicle accident | 217 (22.7) | 99 (25.7) | 118 (20.6) | 0.0704 |
| Pedestrian | 55 (5.7) | 22 (5.7) | 33 (5.8) | NS |
| Assault | 56 (5.9) | 16 (4.2) | 40 (7.0) | 0.0693 |
| Gunshot wound | 8 (0.8) | 1 (0.3) | 7 (1.2) | 0.1535 |
| Stab | 11 (1.1) | 0 | 11 (1.9) | 0.0041 |
| Other | 59 (6.2) | 9 (2.3) | 50 (8.7) | NS |
| Trauma type | 0.0124 | |||
| Blunt | 919 (96.0) | 378 (98.2) | 541 (94.6) | |
| Penetrating | 24 (2.5) | 3 (0.8) | 21 (3.7) | |
| Other | 14 (1.5) | 4 (1) | 10 (1.7) | |
| Injury severity score | 13.5±7.7 | 14.2±7.8 | 13.1±7.7 | 0.0325 |
| Median (range) | 10 (1–66) | 13 (1–50) | 10 (1–66) | |
| No. of CT scans | ||||
| Head | 813 (85.0) | 355 (92.2) | 458 (80.1) | 0.0001 |
| Chest | 390 (40.8) | 240 (62.3) | 150 (26.2) | 0.0001 |
| Abdomen and pelvis | 617 (64.5) | 356 (92.5) | 261 (45.6) | 0.0001 |
| All of the above | 336 (35.1) | 212 (55.1) | 124 (21.7) | 0.0001 |
| ICU admission required | 268 (28.0) | 133 (34.5) | 135 (23.6) | 0.0002 |
| Hospital length of stay | 7.3±10.1 | 8.7±12.8 | 6.4±7.7 | 0.0012 |
| Median (range) | 5 (1–175) | 6 (1–175) | 4 (1–96) | |
| Discharge disposition | <0.0001 | |||
| Home | 540 (56.4) | 187 (48.6) | 353 (61.7) | |
| Rehab unit | 191 (20.0) | 94 (24.4) | 97 (17.0) | |
| Death | 67 (7.0) | 37 (9.6) | 30 (5.2) | |
| Skilled nursing facility | 59 (6.2) | 30 (7.8) | 29 (5.1) | |
| Against medical advice | 15 (1.6) | 7 (1.8) | 8 (1.4) | |
| Psychiatric unit | 3 (0.3) | 3 (0.8) | 0 | |
| Other | 82 (8.6) | 27 (7.0) | 55 (9.6) |
Values are given as mean±SD with median and range for continuous, or n (%) for categorical.
ICU, intensive care unit; NS, no significance.