Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma firearm injury prevention statement
=================================================================================

* Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma

*   guideline

Firearm violence is a public health crisis of epidemic proportions. Over 30 000 Americans die from gunshot wounds every year, and countless others are injured.

Surgeons and trauma care providers are a diverse group, encompassing a wide range of ages, all sexes, all races and ethnicities, and differing political beliefs. At the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST), we feel that our current efforts to reduce firearm-related injuries and violence are insufficient. EAST believes that saving individual lives without addressing the underpinnings of violence and the obvious vector, firearms, is contributing to the ongoing suffering.

Therefore, as an organization of providers who care for the patient with injuries, and specifically victims of firearm injury, we are committed to the health and safety of our patients and their communities. EAST makes the following statement:

Firearm-related injury and death are a complex public health problem.

*   EAST supports evidence-based strategies to reduce firearm injuries including the following:

*   Federal funding of firearm-related research to inform solutions.

*   Violence and injury prevention programs that address conflict resolution.

*   Programs that teach non-violent conflict resolution, coping strategies, and anger management.

*   Improved access and quality of mental health services.

*   Recognition of the other factors that affect these issues including structural violence, domestic violence, and mental health.

*   Limited access to firearms through mandatory safe storage (keeping guns unloaded in a safe with ammunition stored in a separate locked device), gun locks, trigger locks, and other safe storage practices.

*   Expanded universal background checks to include all firearms sales in any venue.

*   Mandatory waiting periods and universal background checks for acquisition of firearms.

*   Limited civilian access to highly lethal firearms and firearm accessories, such as high velocity rifles, high-capacity magazines, trigger cranks, and bump stocks.

*   Limited dissemination of technology to enhance lethality or bypass standard safety and/or screening (eg, three-dimensional printing firearms).

We hope you will join EAST to develop non-partisan and evidence-based solutions for our patients. Standing by and becoming increasingly numb to the rising injury and death toll being witnessed across this country is not an option. Please stand with EAST to affect change.

## Supporting statements

American College of Surgeons [https://www.facs.org/quality-programs/trauma/violenceprevention](https://www.facs.org/quality-programs/trauma/violenceprevention) 

American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma Consensus-Based Approach to Firearm Injury: An Introduction [http://bulletin.facs.org/2017/10/a-consensus-basedapproach-to-firearm-injury/](http://bulletin.facs.org/2017/10/a-consensus-basedapproach-to-firearm-injury/) 

American Association for the Surgery of Trauma [https://journals.lww.com/jtrauma/Citation/publishahead/AAST\_Statement\_on\_Firearm\_Injury.98601.aspx/](https://journals.lww.com/jtrauma/Citation/publishahead/AAST\_Statement_on_Firearm_Injury.98601.aspx/) 

Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons [https://www.sages.org/statement-firearm-safety/](https://www.sages.org/statement-firearm-safety/) 

American Trauma Society [https://www.amtrauma.org/page/PosState132?](https://www.amtrauma.org/page/PosState132?)? [https://www.amtrauma.org/news/409018/ATS-SubmitsComment-to-ATF.htm](https://www.amtrauma.org/news/409018/ATS-SubmitsComment-to-ATF.htm) 

## Footnotes

*   Editor's note Approved by the EAST Board of Directors September 25, 2018 as was in the original PDF.

*   Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

*   Competing interests None declared.

*   Patient consent Not required.

*   Ethics approval This Study has been approved by the EAST Board of Directors, September 26, 2018.

*   Provenance and peer review Commissioned; internally peer reviewed.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) 

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69. 69. Webster DW , Vernick JS , Hepburn LM . Relationship between licensing, registration, and other gun sales laws and the source state of crime guns. Inj Prev 2001;7:184–9.[doi:10.1136/ip.7.3.184](http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.7.3.184) 
    
    [Abstract/FREE Full Text](http://tsaco.bmj.com/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6MTA6ImluanVyeXByZXYiO3M6NToicmVzaWQiO3M6NzoiNy8zLzE4NCI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjIzOiIvdHNhY28vNC8xL2UwMDAyOTQuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9) 

70. 70. Webster DW , Vernick JS , Zeoli AM , Manganello JA . Association between youth-focused firearm laws and youth suicides. JAMA 2004;292:594–601.[doi:10.1001/jama.292.5.594](http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.5.594) 
    
    [CrossRef](http://tsaco.bmj.com/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jama.292.5.594&link_type=DOI) 
    
    [PubMed](http://tsaco.bmj.com/lookup/external-ref?access_num=15292085&link_type=MED&atom=%2Ftsaco%2F4%2F1%2Fe000294.atom) 
    
    [Web of Science](http://tsaco.bmj.com/lookup/external-ref?access_num=000223045500017&link_type=ISI) 

71. 71. Webster DW , Wintemute GJ . Effects of policies designed to keep firearms from high-risk individuals. Annu Rev Public Health 2015;36:21–37.[doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122516](http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122516) 
    
    [CrossRef](http://tsaco.bmj.com/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122516&link_type=DOI) 
    
    [PubMed](http://tsaco.bmj.com/lookup/external-ref?access_num=25581152&link_type=MED&atom=%2Ftsaco%2F4%2F1%2Fe000294.atom) 

72. 72. Whitehill JM , Webster DW , Frattaroli S , Parker EM . Interrupting violence: how the CeaseFire program prevents imminent gun violence through conflict mediation. J Urban Health 2014;91:84–95.[doi:10.1007/s11524-013-9796-9](http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-013-9796-9) 
    
    [CrossRef](http://tsaco.bmj.com/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1007/s11524-013-9796-9&link_type=DOI) 
    
    [PubMed](http://tsaco.bmj.com/lookup/external-ref?access_num=23440488&link_type=MED&atom=%2Ftsaco%2F4%2F1%2Fe000294.atom) 

73. 73. Wintemute GJ , Frattaroli S , Claire BE , Vittes KA , Webster DW . Identifying armed respondents to domestic violence restraining orders and recovering their firearms: process evaluation of an initiative in California. Am J Public Health 2014;104:e113–8.[doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301484](http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301484) 
    
    

74. 74. Wintemute GJ , Parham CA , Beaumont JJ , Wright M , Drake C . Mortality among recent purchasers of handguns. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1583–9.[doi:10.1056/NEJM199911183412106](http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199911183412106) 
    
    [CrossRef](http://tsaco.bmj.com/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJM199911183412106&link_type=DOI) 
    
    [PubMed](http://tsaco.bmj.com/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10564689&link_type=MED&atom=%2Ftsaco%2F4%2F1%2Fe000294.atom) 
    
    [Web of Science](http://tsaco.bmj.com/lookup/external-ref?access_num=000083717000006&link_type=ISI) 

75. 75. Zeoli AM , McCourt A , Buggs S , Frattaroli S , Lilley D , Webster DW . Analysis of the strength of legal firearms restrictions for perpetrators of domestic violence and their associations with intimate partner homicide. Am J Epidemiol 2018;187:1449–55.[doi:10.1093/aje/kwx362](http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx362) 
    
    

76. 76. Zeoli AM , Webster DW . Effects of domestic violence policies, alcohol taxes and police staffing levels on intimate partner homicide in large US cities. Inj Prev 2010;16:90–5.[doi:10.1136/ip.2009.024620](http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.2009.024620) 
    
    [Abstract/FREE Full Text](http://tsaco.bmj.com/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6MTA6ImluanVyeXByZXYiO3M6NToicmVzaWQiO3M6NzoiMTYvMi85MCI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjIzOiIvdHNhY28vNC8xL2UwMDAyOTQuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9)