Preoperative and intraoperative characteristics of patients with ischemic colitis
| Characteristics | Total, n (%) | Survivors, n (%) | Non-survivors, n (%) | P value |
| Age | 68.5±14.33 | 67.33±14.68 | 71.97±12.60 | <0.001 |
| Sex | 0.381 | |||
| Male | 1936 (42.5) | 1460 (43) | 476 (41.4) | |
| Female | 2609 (57.4) | 1935 (56.9) | 674 (58.6) | |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.309 | |||
| White | 3565 (78.4) | 2669 (78.5) | 896 (77.9) | |
| Black or African-American | 501 (11.0) | 381 (11.2) | 120 (10.4) | |
| Asian | 64 (1.4) | 49 (1.4) | 15 (1.3) | |
| American Indian/Alaskan | 27 (0.6) | 22 (0.6) | 5 (0.4) | |
| Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 9 (0.2) | 8 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | |
| Other | 382 (8.4) | 269 (7.9) | 113 (9.8) | |
| Body mass index | 28.35±8.03 | 28.50±7.95 | 27.90±8.24 | 0.036 |
| Diabetes | 1210 (26.6) | 878 (25.8) | 332 (28.9) | 0.044 |
| Smoker | 1140 (25.1) | 845 (24.9) | 295 (25.7) | 0.596 |
| Dyspnea | <0.001 | |||
| At rest | 319 (7.0 | 174 (5.1) | 145 (12.6) | |
| Moderate exertion | 441 (9.7) | 305 (9.0) | 136 (11.8) | |
| Functional status | <0.001 | |||
| Independent | 3628 (81.2) | 2841 (84.7) | 787 (70.8) | |
| Partial dependent | 491 (10.8) | 330 (9.8) | 161 (14.5) | |
| Totally dependent | 348 (7.7) | 185 (5.5) | 163 (14.7) | |
| Vent dependency | 824 (18.1) | 381 (11.2) | 443 (38.5) | <0.001 |
| History of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 824 (18.1) | 535 (15.7) | 289 (25.1) | <0.001 |
| Ascites | 269 (5.9) | 174 (5.1) | 95 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 306 (6.7) | 179 (5.3) | 127 (11) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 3272 (71.9) | 2387 (70.2) | 885 (77.0) | <0.001 |
| Preoperative acute renal failure | 425 (9.3) | 264 (7.8) | 161 (14.0) | <0.001 |
| Preoperative dialysis | 510 (11.2) | 302 (8.9) | 208 (18.1) | <0.001 |
| Disseminated cancer | 123 (2.7) | 77 (2.3) | 46 (4.0) | 0.002 |
| Open or infected wounds | 302 (6.6) | 191 (5.6) | 111 (9.7) | <0.001 |
| Chronic steroid use | 423 (9.3) | 295 (8.7) | 128 (11.1) | 0.013 |
| Weight loss >10% | 195 (4.3) | 118 (3.5) | 77 (6.7) | <0.001 |
| Bleeding disorder | 178 (3.9) | 130 (3.8) | 48 (4.2) | 0.523 |
| Preoperative systemic sepsis | <0.001 | |||
| Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) | 570 (12.5) | 475 (14.0) | 95 (8.3) | |
| Sepsis | 1328 (29.2) | 1021 (30.1) | 307 (26.7) | |
| Septic shock | 1383 (30.4) | 783 (23.1) | 600 (52.2) | |
| Transfusions 72 hours before OR | 454 (10.0) | 271 (8.0) | 183 (15.9) | <0.001 |
| Preoperative Na | 137.5±4.93 | 137.38±4.69 | 137.08±5.53 | <0.001 |
| Preoperative blood urea nitrogen | 32.5±22.28 | 29.99±20.99 | 39.91±24.24 | <0.001 |
| Preoperative creatinine | 1.90±1.65 | 1.77±1.62 | 2.26±1.68 | <0.001 |
| Preoperative white blood cells | 15.38±8.51 | 15.19±8.05 | 15.95±9.71 | 0.010 |
| Preoperative hematocrit | 36.53±7.41 | 37.03±7.27 | 35.03±7.58 | <0.001 |
| Preoperative platelet | 299.1±107.21 | 233.69±101.91 | 215.49±120.58 | <0.001 |
| Preoperative PTT | 35.12±14.74 | 33.85±13.94 | 38.45±16.20 | <0.001 |
| Preoperative INR | 1.45±0.76 | 1.36±0.66 | 1.68±0.93 | <0.001 |
| Operative time | 110.44±70.13 | 111.47±70.80 | 107.40±68.04 | 0.089 |
| Total length of stay | 11, IQR (7–19) | 12, IQR (8–21) | 8, IQR (3–16) | <0.001 |
| Days from admission to operation | 1, IQR (0–2) | 0, IQR (0–1) | 1, IQR (0–3) | <0.001 |
| Wound classification | ||||
| One clean | 46 (1.0) | 33 (1.0) | 13 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| Two clean/contaminated | 1039 (22.8) | 842 (24.8) | 197 (17.1) | |
| Three contaminated | 1590 (35.0) | 1252 (36.8) | 338 (29.4) | |
| Four dirty/infected | 1873 (41.2) | 1271 (37.4) | 602 (52.3) | |
| American Society of Anesthesiologists classification | <0.001 | |||
| 1 | 33 (0.7) | 33 (1.0) | 0 | |
| 2 | 322 (7.1) | 312 (9.2) | 10 (0.9) | |
| 3 | 1434 (31.5) | 1284 (37.8) | 150 (13.0) | |
| 4 | 2272 (50.0) | 1556 (45.8) | 716 (62.3) | |
| 5 | 476 (10.5) | 210 (6.2) | 266 (23.1) | |
| Surgical approach* | <0.001 | |||
| Ex-lap | 2763 (95.7) | 1971 (94.6) | 792 (98.5) | |
| Laparoscopic | 125 (4.3) | 113 (5.4) | 12 (1.5) | |
| Extent of colectomy† | <0.001 | |||
| Partial | 2437 (84.4) | 1796 (86.2) | 641 (79.7) | |
| Total | 451 (15.6) | 288 (13.8) | 163 (20.3) | |
| Laterality of colectomy‡ | 0.392 | |||
| Right hemicolectomy | 753 (64.0) | 558 (63.3) | 195 (66.1) | |
| Left hemicolectomy | 423 (36.0) | 323 (36.7) | 100 (33.9) | |
| Ostomy or anastomosis§ | 0.944 | |||
| Ostomy only | 894 (35.5) | 654 (35.5) | 240 (35.7) | |
| Anastomosis only | 1585 (63.0) | 1161 (63.0) | 424 (63.0) | |
| Anastomosis with ostomy | 36 (1.5) | 28 (1.5) | 9 (1.3) | |
∗n=2888, 63.5%.
†n=2888, 63.5%.
‡n=1176, 25.9%.
§n=2516, 55.3%.