Demographics of patients with TBI and positive or negative radiological findings
| CT (+) (N=49) | CT (−) (N=51) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean, SD) | 51.7 (22.4) | 40.9 (17.2) | 0.008 |
| Mechanism (%) | |||
| Assault | 1 (2) | 5 (9.8) | 0.03 |
| Blunt trauma | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | |
| Fall | 22 (44.9) | 11 (21.6) | |
| Gunshot wound | 0 | 5 (9.8) | |
| Hanging | 0 | 1 (2) | |
| Motorcycle crash | 4 (8) | 3 (5.9) | |
| Motor vehicle crash | 12 (24.5) | 15 (29.4) | |
| Pedestrian struck | 9 (18.4) | 6 (11.8) | |
| Stabbing | 0 | 3 (5.9) | |
| Other | 0 | 1 (2) | |
| Admission vital signs | |||
| Systolic blood pressure | 138.2 (53.3) | 130.4 (30.3) | 0.37 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 73.3 (16.3) | 76.5 (18.8) | 0.36 |
| Heart rate | 87 (25.6) | 90.7 (21.9) | 0.44 |
| SpO2 | 98.6 (2.9) | 99.0 (1.9) | 0.39 |
| Prehospital GCS (median, IQR) | 4 (3–10) | 4 (10–15) | <0.001 |
| Eye | 1 (1–3) | 4 (3–4) | <0.001 |
| Verbal | 1 (1–2) | 5 (3–5) | <0.001 |
| Motor | 2 (1–5) | 6 (4–6) | <0.001 |
| Admission GCS (median, IQR) | 7 (3–11) | 14 (10–15) | <0.001 |
| Eye | 1 (1–4) | 4 (3–4) | <0.001 |
| Verbal | 1 (1–3) | 4 (2–5) | <0.001 |
| Motor | 4 (1–5) | 6 (5–6) | <0.30 |
| Selected laboratory findings (mean, SD) | |||
| Lactate | 3.8 (2.6) | 2.8 (1.8) | 0.01 |
| INR | 1.21 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.4) | 0.24 |
| Base excess | −4.2 (3.3) | 4.1 (4.0) | 0.93 |
| PaO2 | 171.9 (92.5) | 167.1 (77.5) | 0.82 |
| Haemoglobin | 11.9 (2.5) | 12.5 (2.3) | 0.21 |
| Bicarbonate | 22.8 (5.7) | 23.3 (4.5) | 0.57 |
| Intoxication | |||
| Alcohol | 17 (34.7) | 21 (41.2) | 0.5 |
| Drugs | |||
| Benzodiazepines | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | |
| Cannabinoids | 4 (8.1) | 11 (21.6) | |
| Cocaine | 2 (4.1) | 5 (9.8) | |
| Methadone | 4 (8.1) | 4 (7.8) | |
| No drugs | (77.7) | (58.8) | 0.001 |
GCS, Glascow coma scale; TBI, traumatic brain injury.