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Abstract
Background Surgical intervention for ischemic colitis is associated with significant postoperative morbidity and mortality. Predictive factors of adverse outcomes have been reported in the literature, but are based on small sample populations. We sought to identify risk factors for mortality after emergent colectomy for ischemic colitis using a clinical outcomes database.
Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database was queried from 2010 to 2015 to identify emergent colectomies performed for ischemic colitis using Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors associated with increased risk of mortality.
Results A total of 4548 patients undergoing emergent colectomies for ischemic colitis were identified. Overall, 30-day postoperative mortality was 25.3%. On univariate analysis, preoperative risk factors associated with a higher rate of mortality include dyspnea, functional status, ventilator dependency, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ascites, congestive heart failure exacerbation, hypertension, dialysis dependency, cancer, open wounds, chronic steroids, weight loss >10%, transfusions within 72 hours before surgery, septic shock and duration from hospital admission to surgery. Factors that were significant for mortality on logistic regression analysis include elderly age, poor functional status, multiple comorbidities, septic shock, blood transfusion, acute renal failure and the duration of time from hospital admission to surgery.
Conclusions Postoperative morbidity and mortality rates for ischemic colitis remain significantly high. Identification of risk factors may help patient selection for surgical interventions, and make informed decisions with patients and family members. Although it is certainly challenging, early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention for patients with ischemic colitis may improve outcomes.
Study type and level of evidence Therapeutic/care management, level II
- acute care surgery
- colectomy
- mortality outcomes
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Footnotes
This manuscript was previously presented at the 88th Annual Meeting of the Pacific Coast Surgical Association on February 18, 2017.
Contributors Conception or design of the work: JT, BL, MJ, RFA. Data collection: JT, BL, MJ, AVL, RFA. Data analysis and interpretation: JT, BL, MJ, AVL, RFA. Drafting the article: JT, BL, AVL, RFA. Critical revision of the article: JT, BL, DRM, RFA. Final approval of the version to be published: DRM, RFA.
Competing interests None declared.
Ethics approval According to our institution’s Office of Research Compliance and Quality Improvement, while the activity described in our study proposal involves research, it does not meet the definition of ’human subject research' as defined in the DHHS (45 CFR 46) or FDA regulations (21 CFR 50) for the protection of human subjects. The use of materials in our study proposal meets the definition of ’acceptably derived'.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Data sharing statement The data from this study were obtained from the ACS-NSQIP Participant-use Files, and are available after agreeing to comply with the Data-use Agreement at the following website: https://www.facs.org/quality-programs/acs-nsqip/program-specifics/participant-use